Abstract The textbook covers the whole range of Islamic philosophical thought, starting from the emergence of philosophical reflection to the present day. It covers the major schools of the classical period, such as mu’tazilism, falsafa, enlightenment philosophy, philosophical teachings of Ismailites and Sufis. Ibn Khaldun's concept and philosophy of the Safavid era represent the postclassical stage. The philosophical quest of contemporary Arab Muslim thinkers is also described in detail. The author examines the features of Islamic texts (the Qur’an and Sunnah), the main characteristics of the Islamic faith, law and ethics, which define the mindset of Muslims. The authors compiled…